【一般进行时和现在完成进行时的区别】
现在进行时的基本用法：
1.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情.
We are waiting for you.
2.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行.
Mr.Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态.)
She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.
3.表示渐变的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等.
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
4.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩.
You are always changing your mind.
现在完成时行时的用法：
现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作.现在这个动作可能刚刚终止,也可能仍在进行.
I have been sitting here all afternoon.
我在这儿坐了一下午了.
How long has it been raining?
雨下了多久了?
They have been fighting for independence since 1960s.
他们从60年代以来一直为独立而斗争.
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
1)现在完成进行时一般强调过去发生的动作现在仍在继续.
现在完成时强调过去发生的动作现在已经完成或表示曾经发生过.
I have been writing an article.
我一直在写一篇文章.(仍在)
I have written an article.
这已写好一篇文章.(已完成)
I have been reading that book since last week.
上周以来,我一直在读那本书.(还在读)
I have read that book before.
以前我曾读过那本书.(动作在过去曾经发生过)
好了,了解完以上的用法之后,可以判断为什么医生要这样问病人了.因为,医生想了解的是病人最近是否吃了什么东西,即由过去到现在为止有没有做了这个动作,我是这样理解的.简单的说就是你之前吃过/了什么东西,但不可以用一般过去时或现在完成时来问喔,因为一般过去不涉及到现在,而现在完成时表动作过去发生但现在已经结束了.
再来看看现在进行时的第2点解释,表示长期的动作,这个动作未必是说话时正在进行.我觉得没有涉及到是否完成这个动作的概念,如果这样问不符合逻辑和语境.
【英语中现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别】
区分have done和have been doing,我们需要从两个方面来讨论：
一、完成时态和完成进行时态本身意义的差别；
二、要结合动词的不同延续特点.首先我们来看两种时态的意义差别
两者根本区别是：完成进行时强调动作持续的过程(emphasis on duration),完成时强调动作的结果或成就(emphasis on achievement).具体来讲,现在完成进行时have been doing强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性,强调的是动作本身.现在完成时have done则是强调动作产生的结果或取得的成就,而不是动作本身.二者的这种区别我们从下面的这些例句可以很好地领悟到： (2) a. My hands are very dirty. I’ve been painting the house. b. I have painted the house green. The house was white, but now it’s green.
思维分析：
句a中have been painting表示painting动作一直在持续,活动还没有结束,所以才有my hands are very dirty这样的现状.句a意思是“我的手很脏,我现在一直在给房间刷漆”.
句b中have painted表示painted动作已经结束,而且动作导致的结果是the house was white, but now it’s green房间现在是绿色的了.
现在完成时表示动作业已完成, 而完成进行时却不一定如此
I’ve made a cake. 我做了一个蛋糕.（已做好）
I’ve been making a cake. 我一直在做一个蛋糕. （不一定做好了
She’s painted a picture. 她画了一幅画.（已画好）
She’s been painting a picture. 她在画一幅画.（可能还没画好）
强调时间长度用完成进行时比较好： I’ve been coughing all night. 我咳了一整夜.（比I’ve coughed all night. 更能强调咳得久）
All the time she’s been sitting there in silence. 她一直静坐在那里.
All these years we’ve been trying to get in touch with him. 这些年来我们一直在设法和他联系.
许多静态动词都只能用于完成时而不能用于完成进行时：
I’ve known that for a long time. 这事我已经知道很久了.
The strike has lasted six months. 这次罢工已经持续了6个月.
Nobody has seen him since last week. 从上周起就没人见到过他.
raise in salary all the time. 他一直盼着加薪.
但当意思发生转变时也可能用于完成进行时：
I’ve been thinking of doing so for a long time. 我好久以来一直想这样做
.Tom has been seeing about a work permit for you. 汤姆一直在设法帮你取得工作许可证.
有少数动词用两种时态都可以,意思差别不大,如：
They have been working very well this term. 这学期他们学习很好. They have worked very well this term.
It has been raining for two hours. 下了两个小时的雨. It has rained for two hours.
祝学习进步 O(∩_∩)O~
【现在完成进行时是什么意思】
现在完成进行时的谓语动词构成
I/ we/ you/ they have been working
he/ she/ it has been working
（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
（二）表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了。（动作不在继续下去）
（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作两年了。
（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
* I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，
hate讨厌，等。
比较过去时与现在完成时
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
现在完成进行时 :
其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
功用如下：
1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
【英语里的现在完成进行时是用来表示什么】
（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去.
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史.（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语.（动作还将继续下去）
（二）表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作.
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了.（动作不在继续下去）
（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子.
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了.
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作两年了.
（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子.
I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
我一直在写一本书.
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
我已经写了一本书.
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥.
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥.
（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时.
I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了.
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱,like喜欢,
hate讨厌,等.
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